Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart has been translated into over 70 languages and yet there is no authoritative Igbo translation, Achebe’s mother tongue.  In the course of answering why African literature remains trapped in an English language metaphysical empire, Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ’’s The Rise of the African Novel, becomes the first book to situate South African and African-language literature of the 1880s through the 1940s in relation to both the literature of decolonisation that emerged in the mid-to-late 20th century and those of contemporary writers such as Chimamanda Adichie, Petina Gappah and NoViolet Bulawayo. Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ considers the costs of locating the start of Africa’s literary tradition in the wrong historical period.  He challenges the reduction of African literary studies only to writing in the English language and shows how early South African literature, in both aesthetics and politics, is in conversation with both the literature of the independence era and contemporary transnational literature.